Thursday, 25 September 2014

Advanced Rhabdomyosarcoma During Pregnancy

Author Information

Ashish Zarariya*,
Rajshree Dayanand.Katke**,Preeti Lewis***, Grishma.D.Agrawal****
(*Associate Professor, ** Medical Superintendant & Associate Professor, *** Assistant Professor, **** Third Year Resident. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cama And Albless Hospitals, Grant Government Medical College, Mumbai, India.)

Abstract:

We report an interesting case of advanced
rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in a teenage pregnancy leading to mortality. A 19 year old married girl presented with 8 months of amenorrhea and a wart like perianal lesion. She was lost follow up for a month and came in emergency in critical condition with septicaemia, hyperkalemia and acute renal failure (ARF). The wart sized lesion had progressed in a month to gross perianal mass which was extending inside pelvis up to the lower lumbar region. The patient succumbed within 8 hours of admission. On post-mortem histopathological examination, the lesion was diagnosed as a rhabdomyosarcoma.

Full Description in Link:
http://www.jpgo.org/2014/08/advanced-rhabdomyosarcoma-during.html

Torsion of Huge Cystic Teratoma of Ovary with Multiple Fibroids Uterus: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Rajshree D. Katke

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Cama & Albless Hospital, Govt. Grant Medical College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Received: 18 June 2014
Accepted: 5 July 2014

*Correspondence:
Dr. Rajshree D. Katke,
E-mail: drrajshrikatke@gmail.com


© 2014 Katke RD. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


ABSTRACT:

Ovarian teratomas and leimyomas are tumours of reproductive age group. But simultaneous occurrence of these tomours is rare. Here we present a rare case of benign cystic teratoma which underwent torsion along with multiple uterine fibroids.

Keywords: Teratoma, Torsion, Leiomyoma

Link with Full Description:
http://www.ijrcog.org/?mno=162472

Monday, 15 September 2014

An Interesting Case of Pseudoaneurysm of Internal Iliac Artery: Rare Case Report with Review of Literature

Dr.Rajshree D. Katke, Ashish N. Zarariya, Avinash A. Gutte.



Abstract
Pseudoaneurysm is known to be a rare cause of secondary postpartum haemorrhage. A pseudoaneurysm is a haematoma that communicates with the lumen of a damaged parent artery via a small neck leading to turbulent flow. Herein we report a case of 32 year old multiparous patient who developed heavy vaginal bleeding 3 months post uterine curettage and was suspected to have AV malformation. Further evaluation on MRI & angiography showed small sized vaginal wall AV malformation with large pseudoaneurysm arising from within it. Its location near retropubic space in vagina, a very difficult site to approach makes this case interesting. She was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral internal artery looping with excision of the pseudoaneurysm with successful outcome.
Key words: Iliac artery pseudoaneurysm, AV malformation

Detailed Content in PDF
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7e9SrenxWTaNFZFWGdzSzktYnM/edit?usp=sharing

Bilateral Serous Cystadenofibroma of Ovary with Paratubal Cyst : A Rare Case Report

Dr.Rajshree Dayanand Katke, Shruti Gadekar, Asheq Shaikh, Bhagitra Aghav




Abstract
Ovarian tumour is not a single entity, but a complex wide spectrum of neoplasms involving a variety of histological tissues. The most common are the epithelial tumours forming 80 % of all tumours. 80% are benign tumours, 10% borderline malignant and 8-10% malignant. Mucinous tumours represent about 8-10% of the epithelial tumours, they may reach enormous size filling the entire abdominal cavity.1 Here we would like to present a case of huge benign mucinous cystadenoma in a 50 year old female where the patient could not access medical care, and presented with huge tumour which lead to breathlessness and responded remarkably to surgical excision. The patient could go back to her normal life following the procedure.
Key words: Huge benign mucinous cystadenoma, Mucinous cystadenoma


Details Content in PDF.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7e9SrenxWTaUWp2ejhDdkZlRWM/edit?usp=sharing

Thursday, 11 September 2014

Extreme Sequele of Cystic Degeneration of Huge Fibroids Mimicking Like Endometrioma in One Case and Ovarian Neoplasm in Two Cases.

Dr.Rajshree Dayanand Katke


Abstract:
Cystic degeneration of uterine leiomyoma is a rare condition that may sometimes present with clinical and imaging findings giving impression of other diagnosis like ovarian mass or endometrioma, where final diagnosis depends on histological confirmation.
Here we are presenting three cases with cystic degeneration of fibroid uterus with varying presentations. While two of the cases mimicked ovarian neoplasm, one case presented like endometrioma. All three cases were successfully managed by surgical procedure with uneventful perioperative period. Histopathology of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of cystic degeneration of fibroid uterus in all three cases.

Details Content in PDF.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7e9SrenxWTacUdKdWZNc1pWc2s/edit?usp=sharing


Youtube Video Linkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXo6i2OrHvk

Wednesday, 3 September 2014

A huge benign mucinous cystadenoma of ovary: a case report and review of literature

Dr.Rajshree D. Katke

Abstract:
Ovarian tumour is not a single entity, but a complex wide spectrum of neoplasms involving a variety of histological tissues. The most common are the epithelial tumours forming 80 % of all tumours. 80% are benign tumours, 10% borderline malignant and 8-10% malignant. Mucinous tumours represent about 8-10% of the epithelial tumours, they may reach enormous size filling the entire abdominal cavity.1 Here we would like to present a case of huge benign mucinous cystadenoma in a 50 year old female where the patient could not access medical care, and presented with huge tumour which lead to breathlessness and responded remarkably to surgical excision. The patient could go back to her normal life following the procedure.

Key words: Huge benign mucinous cystadenoma, Mucinous cystadenoma


REFERENCES
1. Wilfred Shaw, John Howkins, Gordon Lionel Bourne. Disorders of the ovary and benign tumours. In: Wilfred Shaw, John Howkins, Gordon Lionel Bourne, eds. Shaw's Textbook, 14th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2008: 334.       
2. Howard W. Epithelial ovarian cancer. In: Jones, Anne Colston Wentz, Lonnie S. Burnett, eds. Novak's Textbook of Gynaecology. 11th ed. UK: Williams & Wilkins; 1988: 806-809.
3. Crum CP, Lester SC, Cotran RS. Pathology of female genital system and breast. In: by Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N, Mitchell R, eds. Robbins' Basic Pathology. 8th ed. USA: Elsevier Company; 2007: Chapt. 19.
4. Alobaid AS. Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary in a 12-year-old girl. Saudi Med J. 2008;29(1):126-8.

Socio-Economic Factors Influencing Milk Donation in Milk Banks in India: An Institutional Study

Dr.Rajshree D. Katke, Mohit R. Saraogi

Abstract:
Background: Exclusive breast-feeding has irrefutably been established as the best form of nourishment for neonatal and early infantile age groups. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the socio-economic factors in a developing country like India, which influence maternal motivation and willingness to donate breast milk and to make policy changes to promote the same.
Methods: Ours is a retrospective study carried out over a period of 1 year in Cama and Albless hospital in Mumbai. The 948 women donating breast milk in the year 2013, were retrospectively assessed for their socioeconomic parameters such as age, parity, family income, religion & education. The results were further tabulated and assessed.
Results: Milk donation was least in the extremes of the reproductive age group. Parity showed an inverse relationship with milk donation. Per capita income and religion did not influence milk donation. Education showed a linear relationship with milk donation, but the milk donation even in the uneducated group of women remained significantly higher than their western counterparts.
Conclusions: Women in extremes of age in the reproductive age group and women with higher parity require more motivation to donate breast milk. In our study, milk donation is independent of per capita income and which religion a person belongs to. Milk donation can be promoted by increasing women education in India. However even uneducated women can be motivated to donated breast milk, If the importance of breast feeding is taught to the woman at a young age, & the practice of breast feeding is inculcated into the social culture of the place.
Key words: Milk bank, Socio-economic factors, Milk donation


REFERENCES
1. Bialoskurski MA, Cox CL, Hayes J. The nature of the attachment in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinat Neonat Nurs. 1999;13(1):66-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005237-199906000-00007
2. Vohr BR et al. Persistent beneficial effects of breast milk ingested in the neonatal intensive care unit on outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants at 30 months of age. Pediatr. 2007;120(4):e953-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-3227   [Pubmed]       
3. WHO: Global strategy on infant and young child feeding. In: WHO, eds. 55th World Health Assembly. Geneva: WHO; 2009: 1-30.
4. Sandhya Khadse, Ashwini Hiremath. Human milk bank: where every precious drop counts. Med J Western India. 2013 Feb; 41(1):45-7.
5. Lucas A, Cole TJ. Breast milk and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Lancet. 1990;336:1519-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(90)93304-8
6. Narayan I, Prakash K et al. Randomized controlled trial of effect of raw and holder pasteurized human milk and of formula supplements on incidence of neonatal infection. Lancet. 1984;2(8412):1111-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(84)91554-X

Extremely Rare Case Report of Chronic Inversion of Uterus with Submucous Fundal Fibroid with Dragging of Bladder Wall and Ureters Along with: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Dr.Rajshree D. Katke

Abstract
Non-puerperal chronic uterine inversion is a very rare entity, usually precipitated by tumours sited at the fundus of the uterus which exert traction force to cause the inversion. Here we are presenting a case of 55 year postmenopausal female P7L2D5 with non-puerperal chronic uterine inversion with fundal fibroid which has caused dragging of urinary bladder wall in it which is a rarest entity. Exploratory laparotomy was done with proper dissection at bladder and ureters to prevent the injury. Safely hysterectomy was done after cutting the rim of the cup. Histopathology was suggestive of leiomyoma with chronic cervicitis. Post-operative course in ward was uneventful and patient could go back to work.
Key words: Chronic uterine inversion, Non-puerperal uterine inversion


REFERENCES
1. T. F. Baskett. Acute uterine inversion: a review of 40 cases. J Obstet Gynecol Can. 2002;24:953-6.   [Pubmed]       
2. Simms-Stewart D, Frederick S, Fletcher H, Char G, and Mitchell S. Postmenopausal uterine inversion treated by subtotal hysterectomy. J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;28(1):116-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443610701844366   [Pubmed]       
3. Lupovitch A, England ER, and Chen R. Non-puerperal uterine inversion in association with uterine sarcoma: case report in a 26-year-old and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol. 2005;97(3):938-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.02.024   [Pubmed]       
4. C. G. Salomon, S. K. Patel. Computed tomography of chronic nonpuerperal uterine inversion. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1990;14:1024-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199011000-00036
5. C. G. Salomon, S. K. Patel. Computed tomography of chronic nonpuerperal uterine inversion. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1990;14:1024-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199011000-00036
6. Racconi R, Huh WK, Chiang S. Postmenopausal uterine inversion associated with endometrial polyps. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102:521-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(03)00575-1

Giant Borderline Mucinous Cystadenoma With Previous 3 Cesareans

Author Information
Dr.Rajshree D Katke*, Usha Kiran **, Mohit Saraogi ***, Smita Sarode ****, Ravindra Thawal****
(* Medical Superintendant & Associate Professor, ** Associate Professor, *** Assistant Professor, **** Post Graduate Student. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Cama & Albless Hospital, JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai.
Abstract
We present to you the case report of a 42 year old woman with previous 3 caesarean sections (LSCS) who came to us with a large pelvis mass corresponding to 32 weeks size. The patient was successfully operated with a cystectomy followed by a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy.  The histopathology report went on to indicate that she had a borderline type of mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary which is a rare occurrence.
Introduction
Mucinous cystadenomas are benign epithelial tumors of the ovary accounting for approximately 15% of all ovarian tumors.[1]  Mucinous cystadenomas tend to arise from inclusions and invaginations of the celomic epithelium of the ovary and persistence of mullerian cells, or from Wolffian epithelium and teratomas.[2]  While mucinous cystadenomas themselves are not infrequent, majority of them (80%) are benign while only 10% of them are borderline and another 10% are malignant.[3] Operating on a giant mucinous cystadenoma can often present as a surgical challenge due to its size as well as distortion of the pelvic anatomy. On the other hand, any surgical intervention in a patient with previous 3 lower segment caesarean sections (LSCS) can be a nightmare for any gynecologist. In addition to bladder and bowel adhesions, there is a high probability of iatrogenic trauma to the pelvic viscera intraoperatively leading to possible life threatening complications. Hence performing a cystectomy followed by hysterectomy in a patient of previous 3 LSCS with a giant mucinous cystadenoma can be a particularly challenging affair often requiring a multidisciplinary approach.
Case Report
A 42 year old woman, married since 27 years - P3L2 NND1 A1 with a history of previous 3 LSCS came to our Out Patient Department (OPD) with complaints of distension of abdomen and abdominal discomfort since the last one year. The patient gave history of weight gain of 6 kg over the last one year along with progressively increasing fatigue on doing her daily activities. On direct questioning she gave a history of gastric discomfort and dyspepsia which had aggravated over the last 3 months.
The patient also gave a history of a gradual increase in abdominal girth, manifest as tightening of clothes . The patient had consulted a private practitioner for the same and came to our OPD with an ultrasonography (USG) of the abdomen and the pelvis which showed a large cystic lesion arising from the pelvis, measuring 16x14x16 cm, with multiple septae inside. On examination her general condition was fair, and her vital parameters were stable. An abdominal examination revealed a 32 weeks sized tense, cystic mass with restricted side to side mobility. The mass was smooth and non tender. A speculum examination revealed a healthy cervix and vagina. On vaginal examination the uterus could not be felt separate from the mass due to its size. There was fullness in all the fornices and cervical mobility was restricted. The patient was admitted and a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis was done for her. Her tumor markers ( CA 125, CEA, LDH and Beta HCG ) were sent in addition to all the necessary routine investigations required for anesthesia fitness for major surgery. Her tumor marker levelss were normal and the CT Scan showed a well defined multiseptate cystic mass lesion arising from the right adnexa, not separate from the ovary and extending into the abdominal cavity (consistent with the USG). The impression was that of a benign right ovarian cystic neoplasm.
Figure 1. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis.
A decision for exploratory laparotomy with excision of the mass with frozen section was taken. A total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy (TAH with BSO) was to be performed based on the frozen section report. An oncosurgeon standby was arranged for on the day of the surgery. An exploratory laparotomy was performed under general anesthesia. A vertical midline incision was taken on the abdomen over the scar of previous caesarean sections and extended 2 cm above the umbilicus. A large cystic mass was seen in the abdominal cavity measuring approximately 20x20x20 cm. Its outer wall was smooth and shiny with no evidence of invasion of capsule. Peritoneal fluid was collected for cytology and the mass was exteriorized. The mass could not be separated from the right ovary and fallopian tube and it was clamped, cut and ligated by its pedicle.
Figure 2. The ovarian mass delivered through the abdominal incision.
The mass measured 21x19.5x13 cm and weighed 3.650 kg. It was multiloculated and filled with seromucinous fluid. No solid areas or papillary excrescences suggestive of carcinomatous changes were seen. It was sent for a frozen section. The report was a borderline mucinous cystadenoma with an intestinal type of histology.
Figure 3. Dissection of the urinary bladder from the front of the uterus.
The bladder was adherent to the anterior uterine wall and was advanced up. It was gradually dissected sharply away from the uterus lateral to medial till it could be pushed down significantly. During dissection, a part of the uterine serosa had to be taken to prevent injury to the bladder. Total hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy of the other side and  partial omentectomy were done. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on day 6 of the surgery. The patient had a first follow up visit a week later when suture removal was done. The wound was healthy and the patient was symptomatically much better. The final histopathology report confirmed the diagnosis of frozen section. The omental biopsy showed no malignancy. Peritoneal fluid showed no malignant cells. A repeat follow up a month later showed the patient was very comfortable. The patient has been asked to follow up 3 monthly for the first year and then 6 monthly thereafter.
Discussion
                                                                                                 
Mucinous cystadenomas are rare benign epithelial ovarian tumors which are commonly found in middle aged women and are bilateral in 10 percent cases. These tumors are known to grow to massive sizes with historical recordings of removal of a 137.4 kg tumor by O’hanlan in 1994.[2] Our patient had a 21x19.5x13 cm mass that weighed 3.650 kg and could luckily be removed intact despite her history of 3 caesarean sections in the past. Traditionally the epithelial lining of mucinous cystadenomas can be one of 3 types – endocervical, intestinal or the mullerian type. Our patient had a mucinous borderline tumor of the intestinal type with only atypia. The patient fell into FIGO stage 1a for borderline ovarian tumors.[4] The 5 year survival in such patients is usually more than 99%.[5] The cytoplasm of epithelia of low malignant potential mucinous tumours is more basophilic than the epithelium of mucinous cystadenoma. They also show occasional evidence of inflammatory infilitrates. In general in borderline tumors, the junction between the atypical epithelium lining the papillary structures of the cyst wall of the tumor and the underlying stroma is well defined (borderline tumors with atypia only – such as in our patient). These tumors behave like benign tumors and are not usually known to spread. However borderline tumors can occasionally present as borderline with focal intraepithelial carcinoma which have been known to metastasize occasionally.[5] The dissection of the adherent and advanced bladder was an operative challenge with a high probability of injury to the bladder. However the procedure went uneventfully. Borderline ovarian tumors rarely metastasize, and when they do, they usually spread as pseudomyxoma peritonei. Metastasis to the cervix in cases of borderline ovarian tumors is extremely rare. As our patient had a borderline tumor with only atypia a supracervical Hysterectomy could probably have been a reasonable alternative for this patient in view of the bladder adhesions. This would not have been possible if the tumor had been borderline with focal carcinoma. However as there are no studies available on the 5 year survival rate in patients with borderline mucinous cystadenomas having undergone a supracervical hysterectomy –  more studies are required in this regard.
Conclusion
Managing a case of benign mucinous cystadenoma can be a fairly straightforward procedure. However the line of management is undefined and needs to be individualized in the case of borderline tumors. Although a TAH with BSO with omentectomy with peritoneal biopsies remains the procedure of choice in such cases (where the family is complete), we may need to try alternative procedures (such as a supracervical hysterectomy) in the case of preexisting complications).
References
1.    Kemal RM, A massive ovarian Mucinous Cystadenoma: A Case Report., Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2010,  8:24 Available from: www.rbej.com/content/8/1/24.
2.    de Lima SHM, dos Santos VM, DarĂ³s AC, Campos VP, Modesto FRD.  A 57 year old Brazilian woman with a Giant Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma of the Ovary : A Case Report., Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2014;8-82. Available from: http://www.jmedicalcasereports.com/content/8/1/82
3.      Sebastian A, Thomas A, Regi A. Giant Benign Mucinous Cystadenoma: A Case Report. Open Journal Of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2012;2:220-222.
4.      Journal Article on the internet : Patrono MG, Minig L, Diaz- Padilla I, Romero N, Moreno JFR, Donez JG. Borderline Tumors of the ovary, current controversies regarding their diagnosis and treatment. Ecancermedical science 2013;7:379. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3869475/
5.      Lee, Kenneth R. M.D.; Scully, Robert E. M.D.; Mucinous Tumors of the Ovary: A Clinicopathological Study of 196 Borderline tumors ( of intestinal type) and Carcinomas, Including an Evaluation of 11 cases with ‘Pseudomyxoma Peritonei’; Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24 (11):1447-64.
Citation
Katke RD, Kiran U, Saraogi M, Sarode S, Thawal R. Giant Borderline mucinous cystadenoma with previous 3 Caesareans. JPGO 2014 Volume 1 Number 9 Available from: http://www.jpgo.org/2014/09/giant-borderline-mucinous-cystadenoma.html

http://www.jpgo.org/2014/09/giant-borderline-mucinous-cystadenoma.html